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Thursday, July 10th, 2025 07:25 pm

Synth Glossary

Resonance:
Most filters can emphasize the frequencies just before those that are reduced in volume. Resonance is the degree of emphasis that occurs. It makes the filter much more audible and gives it character - it would otherwise sound like just altering the equalisation - and is the foundation of the acid sound....

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CS-40M
The CS-40M is a duophonic (2-voice) analog synthesizer with a 44-note 3 1/2 octave (F-C) keyboard and 2 banks of 10 patches that are backed up via a tape interface. It is housed in a wood-finished cabinet with a metal faceplate. All in all, it has 36 knobs, 16 switches, 16 buttons, 12 sliders and 2 wheels. The CS-40M's voice architecture consists of two VCOs, a noise generator, one LFO, two envelope generators (one for the VCA and one for the VCF), and a VCA. Each VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) has a knob to switch between a 6 octave range and another knob for fine tuning. A mixer section adjusts the levels of VCO1 and VCO2. Waveforms are switchable between triangle, sawtooth, and square (pulse). The LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator) is switchable between sine, up-ramp, down-ramp, square, and sample- and-hold. It can easily modulate up into the audio frequencies. The EG-VCO (the envelope generator for the VCO) is a simple AR (Attack Release) envelope. the EG-VCF (the envelope used for the VCF and VCA) is an ADSR (Attack Decay Sustain Release) envelope. The VCF (Voltage Controlled Filter) is a multimode filter, switchable between LP, BP, and HP, with a control for cutoff frequency and resonance (none oscillating). A switch enables and disables the keyboard tracking. The Pitch Wheel is switchable between intervals of a 3rd and a 5th, and the Modulation Wheel has switches to select the VCO and the VCF. There are separate CV(control voltage)/Trigger outputs for each voice and CV inputs for portamento, sustain, brilliance, volume and filter. The CS-40M has high, low, and balanced outputs.

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